Highlands, which covers 5 provinces including Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Lale, Dak Nong and Lam Dong with a total area of 54, 640 km2, is the source of four major river systems: the upstream of Sesan river (11620 km2), the upstream of Ba river (10970 km2), the upstream of Srepok river (18480 km2), the upstream of Dong Nai river (10983 km2). The average annual rainfall in the Highlands is 84.81-93.79 billion m3 contributing to surface flows with approximately 50,2 billion m3. The potential of ground water, including dynamic capacity and static capacity is, 17,878,130.74 m3/day (6.52 billion m3/year). Compared with the country, the amount of water produced in 1 km2 of the Highlands is average. Although in recent years, the government and the people have invested in the construction of irrigation system, hydropower, water supply, the difficulty in water resources exploitation in Highlands has not been solved. Drought and flood still occur frequently. This paper will evaluate the water resources, the exploitation and use of water resources, indicating the conflicts and causes of the conflicts in the exploitation and use of water in Highlands, in order to propose solutions to mitigate the conflicts contributing to sustainable socio-economic development in the Highlands.