The southern key economic regions gather almost of prominent conditions and advantages of Vietnam for industrial and service development industrialization and modernization. However, beside the rapid development of industrialization, urbanization, population growth in rural as well as urban areas, quality of groundwater and surface water of the southern key economic region decreases seriously, impact on all aspects of material and spiritual life of man. Environment of surface water has been facing the pollution (organic pollution and salinization), which occurs in many parts of the river, especially the middle and lower reaches (Sai Gon and Dong Nai rivers), estuaries and coastal areas (Can Gio, Ganh Rai bay -Con Dao)... The quality of groundwater is relatively good, meeting the requirements of water used. Some areas (Binh Hung, Binh Chanh of Ho Chi Minh city) are at risk of salinization, but not significantly because of increasing consuniing in the dry season. Coastal water environment has sign of pollution, especially coastal oil pollution, the average concentration in seawater in this area can be up to 1 mg/l, concentrated in some areas: coastal area Can Gio with Soai Rap, Long Tau rivers, Ganh Rai bay - Con Dao beach. Based on analysis, evaluation and forecasting issues related to water quality, Southern key economic zone should focus on environmental protection in the coming year, with detail solutions: the completion of the policy, legal documents, strengthening organizational environmental management systems, solutions about management tools to ensure the targets that was given in regional planning of Southern key economic zone and sustainable development strategy for the period 2011-2020 of Vietnam.