The Vietnam's population censuses conducted in 1979, 1989, 1999 and 2009 have shown great changes in mortality, fertility, population natural increase and in its age - sex structure. This paper presented these transitions in time and in spatial perspectives. Vietnam has passed the demographical transitional stages
population growth is slowing down. Vietnam is in the period of "demographic window", which is lasting for 3 decades. The dependency burden is reducing, while the concern of ageing requires new approach to increasing elder population. The imbalance of sex ratio at birth (SRB) is a big concern and 11 may cause negative consequences in the two coming decades.