Thoai Son is an strategic and important area in historical, cultural, socio-economic values and ecological environment of An Giang province. Located in Long Xuyen Quadrangle, Thoai Son District is unique by the diversity of territory including plains, rivers, and mountain. The district has many suitable conditions for economic development especially agricultural economy. This area has the highest productivity in agriculture of province. Agriculture is the main economic sector, accounting for over 50 percent of the GDP of the district. In recent years, farmers have developed many new models in agriculture production, which bring larger profit compared with production of rice in total such as 2 seasons for growing rice with 1 season for other crops, 2 seasons for growing rice with 1 season for developing aquaculture, such as catfish, lotus growing, mushrooms, etc. It has changed the district's agricultural production. In this paper, the authors present the evaluation and summary of some basic features in the process of transition of agricultural economy of Thoai Son district in the period 2000 - 2012, in order to compare the effectiveness of the transition process of agricultural production as well as the economic policies of agricultural development of the district. Thereby, offering solutions and direction of agricultural development in accordance with the actual conditions of the district, to ensure the stable development of agricultural production contribute to improving the production efficiency and life of people.