Understanding the emergence of complex cognition in the neonate is one of the great frontiers of cognitive neuroscience. In the adult brain, small-world organization enables efficient information segregation and integration and dynamic adaptability to cognitive demands. It remains unknown, however, when functional small-world architecture emerges in development, whether it is present by birth and how prematurity affects it. We leveraged the world's largest fMRI neonatal dataset-Developing Human Connectome Project-to include full-term neonates (