INTRODUCTION: Exploring modifiable and non-modifiable determinants-like sex of new-borns, maternal characteristics, and lifestyle-of maternal and child health is a priority in Public Health. Understanding these sex-based differences is essential for tailored care and informed public health policies. METHODS: The present study aimed to delineate sex disparities in delivery and neonatal characteristics within the "MAMI MED" cohort, an ongoing prospective study involving mother-child pairs from Catania, Italy. The analysis included 1,090 mother-child pairs. RESULTS: The comparison of birth weight and birth length distribution showed some differences between sexes, confirmed by higher birth weight ( DISCUSSION: Thus, the focus should be on improving the assessment of gender-based differences in diagnostic criteria and incorporating gender-specific aspects into existing preventive guidelines to deeply understand the effect of gender disparities and risk factors on maternal-child health.