Cơ sở kinh tế về tổn thất phúc lợi xã hội của chính sách trợ cấp lắp đặt thiết bị giảm thải

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Tác giả: Văn Song Nguyễn, Ngọc Huyên Vũ

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 337.4 International economics

Thông tin xuất bản: Nghiên cứu Kinh tế, 2018

Mô tả vật lý: 45361

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 534670

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Chủ đề

Bài viết tổng quan lý luận và chứng minh tính phi hiệu quả của chính sách trợ cấp của chính phủ cho các doanh nghiệp sản xuất gây ô nhiễm môi trường mua, lắp đặt thiết bị giảm thải. Thông qua tổng quan, phương pháp mô hình hóa, phân tích thể chế, phân tích hệ thống, kết quả cho thấy rằng các nước trên thế giới dành khoảng 3,6% GDP cho trợ cấp qua các kênh khác nhau cho các doanh nghiệp. Doanh nghiệp nhà nước do được hưởng nhiều ưu đãi hơn doanh nghiệp tư nhân về cả đầu vào và đầu ra nên thường sử dụng đầu vào "bẩn" hơn so với các công cụ hữu hiệu để quản lý, giảm thiểu ô nhiễm môi trường. Ngược lại, trợ cấp cho các doanh nghiệp gây ô nhiễm mua hoặc lắp đặt thiết bị giảm thải sẽ tạo ra không chỉ một lần tổn thất phúc lợi xã hội mà là hai lần tổn thất phúc lợi xã hội. Đó là tổn thất do tăng thuế từ các ngành, đối tượng khác
trong khi đó trợ cấp lại thu hút nhiều hãng tham gia vào sản xuất loại sản phẩm này, tổng lượng phát thải ra môi trường sẽ nhiều hơn và một lần nữa làm thiệt hại cho xã hội.The paper reviews the theory and demonstrates the ineffectiveness of the government's subsidy policy for manufacturing enterprises that pollute the environment by buying and installing waste reduction equipment. Through an overview, methods of modeling, institutional analysis, system analysis, the results show that countries around the world spend about 3.6% of GDP on subsidies through different channels for businesses. State-owned enterprises enjoy more incentives than private enterprises in both inputs and outputs, so they often use "dirty" inputs than effective tools to manage and minimize environmental pollution. In contrast, subsidies to polluting businesses that buy or install emission reduction equipment will produce not only one social welfare loss but two social welfare losses. These are losses due to tax increases from other sectors and subjects
while subsidies attract more firms to participate in the production of this type of product, the total emissions to the environment will be greater and once again do harm to society.

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