Xây dựng hệ thống cảnh báo sớm lũ quét ở vùng núi, thử nghiệm tại huyện Thuận Châu, Sơn La

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Tác giả: Tuấn Anh Lại, Như Ngà Lê, Ngọc Thạch Nguyễn, Xuân Cảnh Phạm, Đăng Cường Vũ

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 627.4 Flood control

Thông tin xuất bản: Khoa học công nghệ Việt Nam, 2018

Mô tả vật lý: 28-35

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 538183

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Chủ đề

Mô hình cảnh báo lũ quét được xây dựng dựa trên tiếp cận thủy văn và địa mạo lưu vực, theo nguyên tắc là tai biến sẽ chỉ xảy ra ở nơi nào có nguy cơ tiềm ẩn cao và khi có lượng mưa lớn vượt ngưỡng. Trong mô hình xây dựng bản đồ nguy cơ lũ quét, các tham số của lưu vực được phân tích đánh giá định tính và trong số được xác định theo phương pháp phân tích thứ bậc (Thomas Saaty - Analytic Hierarchy Process - AHP). Phần mềm cảnh báo sớm lũ quét được xây dựng trên cơ sở công cụ lập trình mã nguồn mở. Với module xử lý không gian hoạt động trực tuyến trên internet, lượng mưa dự báo sớm 1-6 ngày cho các trạm khí tượng tự động IMETOS sẽ được nội suy và đưa vào tính toán nhanh cùng với bản đồ nguy cơ tiềm ẩn. Kết quả xử lý sẽ xác định được sớm các vị trí có thể xảy ra tai biến với cấp độ nguy cơ khác nhau, tùy thuộc giá trị lượng mưa dự báo tại các trạm khí tượng. Hệ thống được xây dựng và áp dụng để cảnh báo sớm tai biến lũ quét cho huyện Thuận Châu, tỉnh Sơn La khi lượng mưa vượt quá ngưỡng 150 mm/ngày Hệ thống bước đầu đã hỗ trợ tích cực trong việc tra ra quyết định phù hợp cho việc phòng tránh, giảm thiểu thiệt hại do lũ quét.The flash flood warning model was built based on the hydrological approach and basin geomorphology, in principle that the disaster will only occur where there is a high potential risk and when heavy rainfall exceeds the threshold. In the model of flash flood hazard mapping, the parameters of the basin were analyzed qualitatively and out of the area were determined by hierarchical analysis (Thomas Saaty - Analytic Hierarchy Process - AHP). Flash flood early warning software is built on the basis of open source programming tool. With online spatial processing module on the internet, rainfall forecast 1-6 days for automatic meteorological stations IMETOS will be interpolated and included in the quick calculation along with the potential risk map. The results of treatment will identify early locations that may occur with different risk levels, depending on the forecasted rainfall value at the meteorological stations. The system was developed and applied for early warning of flash flood disaster for Thuan Chau district, Son La province when the rainfall exceeded 150 mm / day. The system initially has actively supported in investigating appropriate decisions suitable for preventing and minimizing damage caused by flash floods.

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