The physiological perturbations induced by high-altitude exposure in mountain climbers, manifesting as immunological and metabolic deviations, have been previously reported but are not fully understood. In this study, we obtain multi-omic profiles of climbers' blood samples, including single-cell transcriptomic analysis of 375,722 immune cells, and plasma metabolomics and lipidomics. Longitudinal analysis reveals dynamic immune response profiles, during the acclimatization period, characterized by the downregulation of inflammatory responses in myeloid cell subsets and by the enhancement of immune effector processes in cytotoxic CD8