Our aim was to compare hand radiation exposure using leaded vs. regular latex surgical gloves in endourological procedures. We conducted a single-center prospective comparative study between January 2017 and December 2020. Surgeon 1 wore leaded surgical gloves, while Surgeon 2 voluntarily wore regular latex surgical gloves. A ring badge and chest dosimeters were used to estimate hand and whole-body scattered radiation dose in all endourological stone procedures (ureteroscopy (URS), retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)). We found that Surgeon 1 and 2 performed a mean of 158 (SD 15.2) and 158 (SD 15.1) procedures/year, respectively, for a total of 1,092 between 2017 and 2020 between the two surgeons (696 URS/RIRS and 396 PCNL). The overall mean hand annual radiation exposure dose for Surgeon 1 and 2 was 2.87 mSv (SD 1.3) and 14.89 mSv (SD 7.87), respectively (p = 0.027), which corresponds to a mean of 0.02 (SD 0.02) and 0.1 mSv (SD 0.1) per procedure (p <
0.001). The estimated annual scattered radiation was 0.0012 and 0.0016, respectively (p = 0.63). We concluded that the use of leaded gloves in endourological stone procedures showed a significant reduction of radiation dose per year and per procedure compared to regular latex gloves
no increase in whole-body scattered radiation was detected with their use. We believe that the use of leaded gloves may be recommended, especially in urologists who dedicate most of their practice to endoscopic stone surgery. Further studies are needed to define whether these gloves could increase patient radiation exposure.