In October 2013, China officially launched the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative. After 5 years, a series of infrastructure projects, cooperation agreements under the Initiative have been signed. between China and some Southeast Asian countries. However, the level of participation and response of ASEAN member countries to China's Maritime Silk Road initiative varies widely. The paper outlines the process of implementing the Initiative in the past 5 years, the level of participation of ASEAN countries and focuses on analyzing the challenges from the region for the implementation of this initiative of China.