OBJECTIVE: To study the functional state of the kidneys in men and women with various types of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 378 patients with CVD: transient ischemic attack (TIA), stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic), and chronic brain ischemia. The average age of men and women was 61.4±13.0 and 63.8±11.8 years, respectively. The excretory function of the kidneys was assessed in all participants. RESULTS: TIA was recorded in 20.9% of men and 13.4% of women. Stroke was verified in 35.7% of patients (56.4% men and 34.3% women, CONCLUSION: In patients with CVD, the frequency of proteinuria is 34.1%. Nephrotic proteinuria and hematuria are more common in men. Changes in the functional state of the kidneys are manifested as slight and moderate reductions in excretory function. In women, the excretory function of the kidneys and proteinuria are closely related to pathomorphological changes in the brain.