In the present work, the authors use various routes, such as sol-gel, hydrothermal and solid state reaction methods, to synthesize zirconium titanate (ZrTiO4) and investigate the crystal structure, particle size distribution, morphology and optical properties of the calcined powders. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of size on the structural and optical properties of ZrTiO4 powders. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, optical absorption and Raman scattering were applied as the probes for the evolution of crystalline size and distribution of ZrTiO4 powders. The small physical dimensions of ZrTiO4 crystals leads to a shift and broadening of the first-order Raman bands. The details of the evolution of the size and distribution of the particles on the 630 and 800 cm-1 Raman line shape (frequency, broadening and asymmetry) are presented. The XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), absorption and Raman scattering results of ZrTiO4 powders suggests evidence of an effect at the grain size.