This study attempts to identify etiology, clinical features, and brain damage in hydrocephalus in children. 163 children affected by hydrocephalus treated in the National Pediatric Hospital from 2007 to 2012 partidpated in this study. The research methodology applied in this study is cross sectional. This study found that the male/female ratio observed is 2/1
children who affected by hydrocephalus started their treatment at the hospital at the age of 8.6 + or - 1.8 months. Congenital disease detected during pregnancy accounts for 90.4 percent, mostly found in the last 3 months of pregnancy. The study also found that congenital hydrocephalus accounted for 58.9 percent, acquired hydrocephalus (41,1 percent), Dandy-Walker syndrome (6.1 percent), Arnold Chiari Syndrome (1.8 percent), posterior fossa cyst (1.8 percent), herniated spinal membranes (4.9 percent), bacterial meningitis (19.6 percent), cerebral hemorrhage (25,3 percent), and congenital CMV (0.6 percent). The most common clinical signs of hydrocephalus are an increase in head circumference (90 percent), prominent scalp veins (89 percent), large anterior skulls (86.5 percent), sundown signs (85.3 percent)
and slow psycho-motor development (55.2 percent). Besides, intraventricular pressure was 16.36 + or - 0.41cm H2O
diameter of the right ventricle was 37.15 + or - 1.88mm, diameter of left ventricular was 37.89 + or - 1.91mm. The consequences of this disease are slow psycho-motor development, seizures, and even blindness.