Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of modified priming protocol on Hepatitis C infection rate among patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Patients and Method. Clinical interventional trial and retrospective study conducted on all adult patients receiving MHD at Dialysis and Kidney Disease Department, Viet Duc Hospital from Jan 2007 to Dec 2012. Data collected during 2 periods using 2 different priming protocols: classical protocol from 2007-2009, modified protocol from 2010-2012. Results. Prevalent rate of HCV infection among patients receiving MHD period 2007-2012 was 32.5 percent. During this period of observation, the annual prevalent rate did not change significantly but there was a significant reduction of incident rate of HCV infection from 14.0 percent during period 2007-2009 to 0.9 percent during period 2010-2012. This reduction was also observed in a group of high risk patients who receive treatment for more than 4 years and reuse HD consumables.