Introduction and objective: Renal calculus is one of the most prevalence urolithiasis. While many miniinvasive procedures were developed in developed countries, open surgeries were commonly used for treatment of renal calculi. Objectives: Define the ratio of calculi remain and complications of open surgery in the treatment of renal calculi. Patients and methods: Prospective description in 45 patients who underwent open surgery at the Department of Urology - Can Tho central general hospital from may 2012 to may 2013. Results: A total of 45 patients were treated for renal calculi including 40 percent of male patients and 60 percent of female patients, male/female: 1/1.5 ratio. The mean of age was 55.67 + or - 13.012. 16 patients (35.6 percent) had both pelvic stones and calyx stones, 10 patients (22.2 percent) had staghorn calculi, 4 patients (8.9 percent) had calyx stones, 15 patients (33.3 percent) had pelvic stones only. There were 57.8 percent of the right kidney and 42.2 percent of the left kidney. Remain of the stones: 7 cases (15.6 percent), 3 cases of bleeding during surgery (6.7 percent), urinary fistula: 3 cases (6.7 percent). The good results were 77.8 percent, moderate (22.2 percent) and respectively (0 percent). Conclusion: Open surgery is still playing an important role in treatment of renal calculi, especially in the local hospitals \yhere were lack of medical equipments. The results of the study showed: The stone - free rate was 84.4 percent and no one had respective result or die.