Twenty patients with twenty primary osteoarthritic knees underwent Arthroscopic Subchondral Drilling (ASD) in combination with Autologous Bone Marrow Stem cells (ABM,8Cs) injection from the pelvis. The objectives of the study were 1) to investigate some indexes of ABMSCs block of patients with KOA and 2) Evaluate the initial results of KOA's treatment by ASD and ABMSCs injection. The results showed that the number of CD34 (+) cells obtained in Autologous Bone Marrow blocks average 5.5 x 106 The number of cells that create 'clusters' of CFU-F average 21 x 103. In the follow-up time afte'r surgery as early as 6 weeks, the longest was 24 weeks, all twenty patients started showing signs of clinical improvement, there were no case of post operative complication such as infection. or adhesive knee.. In conclusion, this is a new method of treating KOA, safe, minimally invasive and effectively long-term, due to stem cell regeneration and differentiation into chondrocyte to repair damaged cartilage. The success of this method has opened 8 new perspective in the treatment of KOA and help prolong or avoid knee replacement surgery.