Soil erosion has been considered as the primary cause of soil degradation since soil erosion leads to the loss of topsoil and soil organic matters, which are essential for the growing of plants. Land use, which relates to land cover, is one of the influential factors that affect soil erosion. The objective of this study is to assess the effects of land use changes on soil erosion in Bo river watershed of Central Vietnam. This paper presents a comprehensive methodology that integrates Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) model with a Geographic Information System (GIS) for simulating effects of land use change on soil erosion. The data on precipitation, inflow, outflow, DEM, soil map and Landsat 7+ETM images of the study site were collected and analyzed. The results show that water body and dry agriculture land area increased while mixed forest and rice land declined continuously over the study period between 2000 and 2010. Different land use types in terms of area size and pattern influenced the soil erosion risk in Bo river watershed. The integrated approach in this study allows for relatively easy, fast, and cost-effective estimation of spatially distributed soil erosion and analyses of the land use changes effects on soil erosiop. It thus provides a useful and efficient tool for assessing erosion impacts of conservation support practices.