The aim of this research is to study the structure and cellular population of amniotic membranes. Methodology: Collection of amniotic membrane from women with cesarean section and negative test for HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis. Transport and store membranes in a phosphate buffer solution (PBS) 1X. Amniotic membranes were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin, Oct-4, SSEA-4, ICAM, CK-S, collagen type III, IV, fibronectin, laminin. Results: The amniotic membrane is composed of three major layers: single epithelial layer, basement membrane and avascular mesenchyme. There are not nerves, blood vessels or lymphatic in the membranes. Amniotic membranes and the most of their cells are strongly positive with CK-S, collagen type III, IV, fibronectin, laminin and some cells positive with Oct-4, SSEA-4, ICAM. Conclusions: Amniotic membrane is a avascular own that contains many of the composition of basement membrane associated with epithelial cells, mesenchymal and stem cells.