This is an overview presenting the current status of the development and the impact of proteomics as a new scientific discipline on proteome-product of the genome in the post-genomics era in life sciences in general and biomedical technologies in particular. In this article, several research results of the working group on this new field in thelast 10 years at the Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, starting from setting-up a proteomic workflow by both traditional and new approches through an automated Multidimensional NanoLiquid Chromatography System coupled online with Tandem Mass Spectrometry System (MDNanoLC-MS/MS), were summarized. Notably, the results of the first study mentioned on human serum proteome and subproteomes databases from normal and some pathophysiological conditions (type 2 diabetes, coronary syndromes, leukemia). The author also introduced in this article some results on application of proteomic techniques in the investigation and identification of proteins and peptides with bio-pharmaceutical activities from biological resources (cone snails, tunicates, venomous snakes) in Vietnam. In addition, prospects and challenges in research and application of proteomics were also introduced and discussed.