Quorum sensing(QS) is a crucial aspect of Anammox(anaerobic ammonium oxidation) technology operation. Given the difficulty of accumulating Anammox bacteria, the favorable characteristics of sludge are vital for optimizing the stable operation of Anammox systems. Therefore, it is essential to study the interaction between QS and the physical properties of sludge in the Anammox process. In this study, the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek(XDLVO) theory and rheological properties were used to determine the physical characteristics of different Anammox sludges, subsequently the relationship between these properties and signaling molecules, microorganisms and extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) was analyzed. The results indicated that certain physical properties, such as elasticity, sludge aggregation capability, and hydrophobicity, were significantly correlated with specific signaling molecules. Additionally, the dynamic changes in microbial community structure were one of the main causes of changes in the levels of signaling molecules, which stimulated the nitrogen removal performance and also affected the properties of the sludge.