Taxus wal/ichiana (Zucc.) is considered as one of the endangered species and only distributed in Lam Dong province. The authors investigated the genetic variability and pattern structure of four populations sampled in two districts Don Duong
Duc Trong and Da Lat city, Lam Dong province. A total of leaves or inner barks collected from 87 individuals of six populations were used to assess genetic diversity using cpSSR. Six primer pairs were used in this study at population and species levels. Five from six primer pairs revealed polymorphism with PIC value (Polymorphic Information Content) varied from 0 (pt 30204) to 0.543 (pt 15169), an average of 0.374. The study results showed an average number of alleles for a locus was 1,45 (1,34 - 1.5), the average polymorphism was 29.17 percent (25.00 percent - 41.67 percent). Observed heterozygosity was 0,095 in average (0.071 - 0.111) and expected heterozygosity ranged fron 0.09 to 0.133, with an average of 0,109. The results suggest that small population size isolation had led to an increase of inbred individuals within populations. A number of measures applied to the conservation and sustainable development were also discussed.