Objectives: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of thoracosopic or laparoscopic resection of esophageal leiomyoma at Viet Duc hospital. Materials and methods: A retrospective review of 63 patients underwent thoracoscopic or laparoscopic enucleation for esophageal leiomyoma from January 2005 to December 2013. The long-term results were obtained by direct control of patients or by telephone. Results: A total of 63 patients including 36 males and 27 females. Mean age: 40,0 percent 11,39 years (21-66). Location of tumor: upper 2/3 of eosophagus in 36 patients (57,1 percent) and lower 1/3 in 27 patients (42,9 percent). Mean tumor size was 45,8mm (25-110). Right thoracoscopy with prone position and slightly inclined 30° were performed in 34 patients (54 percent)
7 patients (11,1 percent) with left thoracoscopy oblique 45° and 22 others (34,9 percent) with laparoscopy. Mean operative time was 133 minutes (60-300) for thoracoscopic approach and 159,8 minutes (70-240) for laparoscopy. Esophageal mucosal perforation occurred in 2 patients during tumor dissection and 3 patients having been converted into open surgery. No important post-operative complications as well as no mortality. Conclusions: Thoracoscopic enucleation of esophageal leiomyoma is a safe and less invasive procedure without mortality and low rate of complication. It thus should be considered as the best choice for the treatment of esophageal leiomyoma.