Drawing on social exchange theory, the study used multi-level structural equation model to statistically examine 167 matched surveys from supervisors and subordinates. The study aimed to explore the mediating role of supervisor-subordinate Guanxi between affective leadership and voice behavior, as well as the cross-level moderating impact of group voice climate. The findings revealed the following key points: While affective leadership showed a significant and positive association with supervisor-subordinate Guanxi, it did not directly correlate with voice behavior. On the other hand, supervisor-subordinate Guanxi demonstrated a significant and positive link with voice behavior. Moreover, our results suggested that affective leadership might impact voice behavior through the mediating effect of supervisor-subordinate Guanxi, with this indirect influence being contingent upon group voice climate. Notably, the indirect impact was more pronounced in settings characterized by a high group voice climate.