Cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 42 patients received inpatient treatment at Bach Mai Hospital from 01/05/2011-10/02/2012. Target (1) Determine the rate of bacterial infection in patients suffering from lung mechanical ventilation in the dinical Bach Mai Hospital. (2) a description of the characteristics of bacterial infection in patients suffering from mechanical ventilation and a number of related factors. Tools for data collection is recorded panel monitor patients on protocol, recorded on medical records, the results of predinical tests. Results showed that rate of pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients accounted for 71.4 percent. These factors related to pneumonia as the day is tailor treatment group respiratory disease, clinical signs, endotracheal tube care, wound care management, oral hygiene for patients, smoking bore syringe tape kin, special patient rooms are equipped with a statistically significant sharply with p 0.05.