Organization of library management and operation plays an important and crucial role to the efficiency of library activities. In Viet Nam in the recent years, the application of new achievements in the field of information technology and media, along with the trend of intensive international integration have brought to libraries more opportunities, yet new challenges. The article mentions about guidelines, policies of the Party and the State to the organization of library management and operation, the achievements and limitations of Vietnamese Library sector in the last 70 years. Thereby, the author proposes some solutions to renew fundamentally and comprehensively the operation mechanism of the Vietnamese Library sector in the current period.