Most of the rare earth deposits discovered in the Northwest of Viet Nam in the last period have been explored and assessed in terms of reserve and ore quality for developing and putting the mines into operation to serve the socio-economic development. Although each of them is different in geological, structural and tectonic characteristics, these rare earth mines have one characteristic in common: containing radioactive elements, which have the potential risk of pollution, affecting the quality of life and health of the community if not identified and clarified to take measures to mitigate their impacts, especially in the mining process. This article presents an overview of the components of the radiation field, natural radiation dose levels at some rare earth mines for which exploration and mining licenses have been issued, to serve the control of radioactive environment when mining takes place.