This review offers insight into the complex interplay between cytokines and vitamin D, with focus on its role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. It offers a helpful resource for researchers and clinicians seeking to better understand and treat SLE and related autoimmune conditions. The pathogenesis of SLE is complex and involves a wide range of cytokines, primarily of the Th2 type
these cytokines mediate hyperactivity in B lymphocytes and antibody production. Notably, vitamin D is found to suppress the activity of critical Th17-related cytokines like IL-23 and IL-6, which is pivotal for Th17 cell development and function. This ultimately leads to reduced IL-17 production, an increase in regulatory T lymphocytes, and subsequent secretion of IL-10. Supplementation with vitamin D is seen to have positive effects on SLE, leading to lower disease activity scores, decreased levels of autoantibodies, and a reduction of fatigue.