We aimed to compare the association of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), metabolic dysfunction and ALD (MetALD), and MASLD with viral hepatitis (MASLD-Viral) with risks of cirrhosis, liver cancer, and mortality. The data of 464,556 adults from the UK Biobank (UKB), 13,526 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and 2554 adults from BeijngFH Health Cohort Study (FHCS) were included. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and odds ratios were calculated using Cox and Logistic regression models, respectively. Compared with non-SLD, the risk of liver cancer increased from MetALD (aHR 1.70 [95% CI 1.37, 2.09]), MASLD (1.91 [1.66, 2.21]), MAFLD (2.01 [1.76, 2.29]), ALD (3.16 [2.54, 3.93]), to MASLD-Viral (22.0 [10.8, 44.4]) in a stepwise manner in the UKB
the risk of all-cause mortality increased from MetALD, MASLD, MAFLD, ALD, to MASLD-Viral in the NHANES. The odds ratio of liver fibrosis increased from MASLD, MAFLD, to MASLD-Viral in the FHCS. In patients with diabetes, metformin plus other drugs were associated with higher risks of cirrhosis, liver cancer, and all-cause mortality in MASLD or MAFLD. Prevention rather than antiglycemic treatment is important for patients with diabetic MASLD or MAFLD.