According to the evaluation of the World Bank (WB), the quality of human resources in Vietnam reached 3.79 points (a scale of 10) ranked 11/12 Asian countries surveyed. Meanwhile, South Korea reached 6.91 points, India 5.76 points, Malaysia 5.59 points ... Thus, the issue of building quality human resources in Vietnam is an urgent need. The paper points out some limitations of vocational education that affect the quality of human resources, opportunities and challenges, thereby suggesting some solutions for vocational education and employment policies in Vietnam in the next stage.