This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Motor Quotient (MQ) physical fitness training on health-related fitness indicators and obesity risk in children aged 7-8 years in Tianjin, China. A total of 60 obese participants were randomly divided into an experimental group (N = 30) and a control group (N = 30). The intervention program focused on improving children's physical, behavioral, and task-related capabilities through structured MQ training. Key results indicated that the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in Body Mass Index (BMI), with a reduction from 21.28 ± 1.15 kg/m² to 18.86 ± 1.24 kg/m² for boys (p <
0.001) and from 21.04 ± 1.54 kg/m² to 17.47 ± 1.07 kg/m² for girls (p <
0.001). Physical performance metrics improved substantially, including enhanced 2 × 30 m Shuttle Run times (boys: +12.97%, girls: +13.96%, both p <
0.001) and increased Plank duration (boys: +41.36%, girls: +35.26%, both p <
0.01), reflecting improved cardiovascular endurance and core strength. Significant gains were also observed in task-related motor skills, such as Hand-eye Coordination, Behavior Imitation, and Reaction capability (all p <
0.001). Behavioral adaptations included higher scores in exercise behavior (p <
0.01), while strong correlations were found between BMI and cardiovascular fitness indicators, such as the 20 m Backward Run (r = 0.974, p <
0.001). These findings highlight the effectiveness of MQ training in reducing obesity risk and improving multidimensional fitness outcomes. The program demonstrates significant potential as a practical and evidence-based strategy to promote health-related fitness and motor development in children.