BACKGROUND: Camel milk is known to have hypoglycemic properties. Previous studies found that camel milk exosomes (CM-exo) may regulate cellular glucose metabolism through the inhibition of mitochondrial complex I, but this hypothesis has not been verified by other experiments. The objective of this study was to verify the hypothesis that CM-exo regulated glucose metabolism in hepatocytes by inhibiting mitochondrial complex I pathway. AML12 cells were treated with extracted exosomes from camel milk and the effect of the CM-exo on cell viability was examined by cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assays. The glucose content of the cell culture medium was measured to determine the glucose consumption of the cells. Lactate release from the cells was determined by measuring the lactate content in the cell culture medium. The glycogen content of AML12 cells was detected. The activity of complex I and the contents of ATP, NAD RESULTS: The results of this study showed that a high dose of CM-exo inhibited the viability of AML12 cells. It promoted glucose consumption, glycogen content and lactate release in AML12 cells, inhibited complex I activity, ATP content, NAD CONCLUSIONS: By inhibiting the activity of mitochondrial complex I in hepatocytes, CM-exo inhibited oxidative phosphorylation, oxidation of NADH to NAD