Skin cancer, including melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma, ranks as the fifth most common cancer globally. It exhibits a high incidence rate, with men being more susceptible, particularly as they age, making middle-aged and older men a high-risk group. This study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018 to investigate the relationship between skin cancer and 15 urinary volatile organic compounds (VOC). VOC are a class of gases that are volatile at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, with carbon as the main structural atom. We used binary logistic regression to comprehensively assess the potential association between each urinary VOC exposure and skin cancer, while weighted quantile sum regression was employed to explore the associations of mixed co-exposures. Specific VOC, notably mercapturic acid (MA), showed significant correlations with skin cancer risk, particularly in females. Our research presents a comprehensive assessment of the link between VOC and skin cancer, aiming to provide a scientific basis for understanding the correlation between VOC and skin cancer within human populations.