Shelter medicine is a veterinary specialty that intersects with primary care, community practice, and animal welfare. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the availability of formal (for-credit) education in shelter medicine at American Veterinary Medical Association-accredited colleges of veterinary medicine (CVMs). A 24-question survey, available from July to September 2023, was distributed to targeted faculty members at each CVM. A total of 43 of 54 colleges responded (80%). Formal education in shelter medicine was offered by 38 (88%) institutions. The median shelter medicine program starting year was 2012 (interquartile range [IQR] 2007-2017) and program duration was a median of 12 years (IQR 6-16). The median number of Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges competency domains addressed through shelter medicine program instruction in colleges with formal shelter medicine education was 7/9 (IQR 4-8)
the mode was 9/9. Responding institutions employed 118 shelter medicine faculty and instructors with a median of two shelter medicine faculty members (IQR 2-4) employed per college. In total, 30 instructors were adjuncts (25%), and only 6 of 118 (5%) were tenured. Nine of the 43 CVMs (21%) indicated that the shelter medicine program had been discontinued at some point. Lack of faculty (5/9
56%) was the most commonly stated reason, followed by lack of a relationship with a shelter (4/9
44%). Program instability may also be related to factors unique to shelter medicine programs, including increased faculty effort required to secure and maintain funding and community partnerships, competing demands of funders and program stakeholders, and a low proportion of tenured, boarded and permanent faculty.