BACKGROUND: Evidence on how beverage consumption modifies associations between air pollution (AP) exposure with the type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk remains scarce, which we aimed to investigate in this study. METHODS: A total of 77,278 adults from the UK Biobank cohort were enrolled. Annual average concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 12.19 years, 1486 T2D events were recorded. One interquartile range increase of PM CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the significant role of beverage consumption in mitigating or exacerbating the T2D risk associated with long-term NO