Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), as the primary lipid component of thylakoid membranes, has a significant part in plant growth and stress response. The current study employed two transgenic wheat lines (MG1516 and MG1314) overexpressing the MGDG synthase gene (TaMGD) and wild-type cv "JW1" to explore the function of TaMGD in response to high temperature stress during the anthesis stage of wheat. Under high-temperature stress, the overexpressed wheat lines exhibited higher grain weight, increased antioxidant enzyme activity, and lower H