A type of programmed cell death called ferroptosis is defined by increased iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Mitochondria play a central role in iron metabolism. Mitochondrial defects include decreased cristae density, membrane rupture, and decreased mitochondrial membrane density, which occur as a result of ferroptosis. One of the important regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis is PGC1. While recent studies have begun to explore the association between PGC1 and ferroptosis, the specific role of PGC1 in erastin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction during ferroptotic cell death has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that PGC1 is a key regulator of erastin-induced mitochondrial-dependent lipid peroxidation and dysfunction during ferroptosis in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. In this study, we examined PGC1 function in ferroptosis. Erastin, an inducer of ferroptosis, boosted the expression of PGC1. Moreover, PGC1 down-regulation reduced erastin-induced ferroptosis. The most important biochemical feature of ferroptosis is the increase in iron ion (Fe2＋)-dependent lipid peroxide (LOOH) concentration. Mitochondrial-dependent lipid peroxidation was abolished by PGC1 downregulation. In addition, PGC1 was induced during mitochondrial dysfunction in erastin-induced ferroptosis. Mitochondrial membrane potential loss and mitochondrial ROS production associated with erastin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction were blocked by PGC1 inhibition. In addition, erastin-induced lipid peroxidation in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells was regulated by PGC1 inhibitor. This phenomenon was also consistent in HT1080 cells transfected with PGC1 shRNA. Taken together, these results suggest that PGC1 is a key factor in erastin-induced mitochondrial-dependent lipid peroxidation and dysfunction during ferroptosis cell death. [BMB Reports 2025
58(2): 89-92].