The investigation took places in four communes locating on seven compartments in Bo river watershed determined 12 rattan species, which belong to four genuses (Calamus, Plectocomia, Korthalsia, Daemonorops). Among species distributed in the study sites, Calamus has eight species showing densely distribution. There are nine rattan species distributing in forests of exhausted exploitation state, among which species are most numerous as Calamus tetraductylus (28 percent), Calamus ceratophorus (28 percent) and Calamus walkeri (19 percent). There are 12 rattan species distributing in rehabilitation forest state, among which species are most numerous as Calamus ceratophorus (28 percent) and Calamus walkeri (33 percent). There are eight rattan species distributing in grassland and shrub state, among which species are most numerous are Calamus tetraductylus (18 percent), Calamus ceratophorus (33 percent), Calamus walkeri (18 percent) and Daemonorops jenkinsiana (24 percent). There are 8 rattan species distributing at the altitude level of 0-200 m, among which species are most numerous are Calamus tetraductylus (25 percent), Calamus ceratophorus (29 percent), Calamus walkeri (21 percent) and Daemonorops jenkinsiana (13 percent). At the altitude level of 200-400 m, there are 9 rattan species, among which species are most numerous as Calamus ceratophorus (37 percent) and Calamus walkeri (23 percent). At the altitude level of 400 - 600 m, there are nine rattan species, among which species are most numerous as Calamus ceratophorus (42 percent), Calamus walkeri (18 percent) and Calamus rhabdocladus (16 percent). The study also identified that, there may be certain correlation between species composition, naturally ecological distribution with their adaptation level. The higher survival proportion of rattan and higher increment happened in the places where rattan distributes naturally with high contribution in composition. Based on the distribution feature, survival rate, growth features and economic values of every specific rattan species, it is considerable that Calamus tetradactylus is the most suitable with the natural condition of this area. This is one of scientific foundations for planting this species in the watershed.