Background: Laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer becomes popular but remains controversial. The current data on laparoscopic resection for rectal cancer was varies in early outcomes and oncological results. The aim of this study was to assess the complications of laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal cancer. Patients and methods: Proospective study 138 cases (68 males and 70 females) of rectal cancer treated by laparoscopic low anterior resection at Cho Ray hospital and University Medical hospital from October 2007 to September 2010. Results: Mean operating time was 204.20 + or - 62.24 minutes. No conversion and mortality was observed. The interoperative complication rate was 4.4 percent, the interoperative complications were all seen and treated well in operating time. The postoperative complication rate was 15.1 percent, related to level of ASA classification (p 0.05), anastomotic leakage rate was 4.4 percent, related to manner of large laxation (p 0.05) and lower anastomosis (p 0.05). Condusions: Laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer is technical fisibility and safe procedure with low rates of interoperative complications, no severe ones and low rates of postoperative complications, related to level of ASA dassification, anastomotic leakage related to manner of large laxation and lower anastomosis.