Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of Protaper for hand in root canal preparation. Objectives and Methods: A total of 50 molars (exclude the third molars) which need endodontic treatment were selected in the endodontic department of the National Hospital of Odonto- Stomatology from April to December 2011. This is a follow-up study. Results: Average time to prepare root canal is 97.77 + or - 10.82 minutes, 2 percent perforation, 6 percent broken instruments, 88 percent obturation to the apex, 96 percent has no symptom after obturation 1 week, the success rate after 3 to 9 months is 86.67 percent. Conclusion: Root canal preparation with Protaper manual instruments is safe, less step, less time, and appropriate with our economy status. Moreover, it is especially suitable for doctors who have just graduated from the medical university and dose not have enough experience in endodontic treatment. The success rate is 86.67 percent.