The article focuses on highlighting main structural factors influencing on gender equality in political leadership in Vietnam including the country's level of socioeconomic development, employment and jobs, education and training situations, which contain both advantages and disadvantages for women political leadership advancement. Theoretically, the analysis of these factors enables to get better insights about the impact on potential female political candidates who may stand for leadership positions in the country's political system. In author opinion, the above mentioned structural issues should be well addressed alongside with institutional, cultural and other policy concerns.