Treatments of renal failures by peritoneal dialysis at the Department of Renal and Urologic Diseases in Bach Mai Hospital were retrospectively evaluated by analysing 221 medical records of the patients dated from 1st January 2007 to 31st December 2009. The number of chronic renal failure patients treated by peritoneal dialysis was growing continuously, 86 in 2007 to 157 in 2008 and 199 in 2009. The avarage age was 47.3 + or - 14.6, avarage weight was 55.9 + or - 5.3 kg, and the male/female ratio was 102/119. The portion of patients at stage-IV kidney disease was 70.14 percent, and most suffered from chronic glomerular nephritis (75.1 percent). 116 patients had to be hospitalized due to complications, of which peritonitis was the most frequent (50 percent). The mortality during the period was 40.25 percent of fatalities related to cardiovascular diseases, and malnutrition (20 percent), stroke accident 17.5 percent. Notably, the initial low hemoglobin concentration raised fatal risk.