The Mekong Delta of Vietnam is known as a rice bowl of the country, where produces more than 50 percent national production of rice. This sector following by the rice mill enterprises which dehusk and polish rice. Almost the rice mills in the Mekong Delta are small- or medium-scale enterprises which located inside the residential areas. This investigation conducting a survey of current status at 12 small-scale rice mill enterprises at Thoi Lai district, Can Tho city. The survey recorded such of rice mill factories used a diesel engine to run the milling machines that cause of indoor pollution. Beside that, the results showed the negative affects from these activities onto the local communities such as worse air quality, uncontrolled waste and wastewater discharge, unsufficient working conditions, etc. Based on that fact, there are some suggestions issuing to improve the mentioned situation.