The article initially generalizes the origin, composition, population's structure and its distribution in Binh Dinh during the first half of the 19th century. It also shows the picture of Binh Dinh inhabitants' life under the Nguyen reign. The hard tax regime and labour as well as the threats of natural disasters, crop famine and epidemics... made people's life more miserable, which is the cause leading to the fierce struggles of Binh Dinh people.