Purpose: to evaluate the results of pars plana vitrectomy with silicone injection oil for treatment of endogenous endophthalmitis in children and some risk factors related to treatment outcomes. Method: a Clinial intervertional prospective study, realized on 32 eyes of 32 patients with endogenous endophthalmitis under 16 years old have been administered by pars plana vitrectomy from July 2010 to July 2011 in Peadiatric Department of VNIO. Results: total 32 patients, aged from 6 months to 16 years. Final visual acuities better than 1 metre counter fingers were achieved in 12/20 eyes (60 percent) and visual acuities better than 20/200 in 7/20 eyes (35 percent). Overall success rate of surgery 56.3 percent. Complications: cataracts (42.3 percent), retinal detachment (18.8 percent), silicone emulsification (9.3 percent). Initial vision, longer time between onset of ocular symptoms, grade of opacity in vitreous were asociated with visual outcomes (p 0.05). Conclusion: though the prognosis of endogenous endophthalmitis in children in generally poor but treament with pars plana vitrectomy with silicone injection oil has some good visual outcomes to visual rehabilitation for children with this disease.