Research showed that the Central part of Vietnam where the dry season lasts from November to the end of April next year, even to May in the South Central region. Drought indicators are beyond the permitted level, of which it is highest in Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan provinces. In general, drought indicator is lower from South to North and from lowland to upland. The drought indicator is commonly from 0.3 to 0.6 in the North Central part and from 0.6 to 1.2 in the South Central part and from 0.4 to 0.8 in the Central Highland. Drought tends to expand in almost regions of the country, especially in South Central part of Vietnam resulting increased desertification. Drought is caused by the low rainfall resulting of the reducing minimize river flow. Besides, the rivers in Central region are characterized by high river bed slope, short so there are limitations in water store and supply for economic sectors in dry season. To overcome the risks of drought and desertification, the policies and strategies on sustainable and effective water use such as repairing and new construction of hydraulic works in the direction of multi-purpose uses. In particular, the purposes on water supply for agricultural production, industrial, aquaculture, and salt intrusion prevention should be ensured. Changing crop patterns from traditional crops to the high value crops associated with the water saving irrigation technology application also should be addressed. In addition, improving irrigation management capacity is needed in order to promote the efficient operation of irrigation systems.