Phan Chau Trinh (1872-1926) is a Vietnamese major cultural person during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Phan Chau Trinh's thought in general, including the idea of "Hau dan sinh", has contributed to awake Vietnam nation during this period, creating an important premise in promoting positive social changes in the period of late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Studying the idea of "Hau dan sinh" helps us know the historical lessons that are of great importance to the renovation and integration of Vietnam in case the authorsignore the limitations caused by historical conditions, level of awareness and classes' attitudes.