Chromosomal abnormality is an independent prognostic factor at diagnosis that helps to decide the treatment protocol for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). From April 2010 to May 2012, 44 AML patients were analyzed by G-banding staining method at Blood Transfusion and Hematology Hospital. The results showed that 25 percent patients carried chromosome abnormalities with good prognostic, in which t(8
21) was 18.2 percent. The frequency of chromosomal abnormalities belonging to intermediate and poor prognostic groups were 63.6 percent and 11.4 percent, respectively. Ten patients had the normal karyotype, occupying 22.7 percent. Result of this study helps to select suitable treatment protocol, and is the premise for other study on larger number of samples.