During 2 years from 2009-2011, the authors collected 250 patients suffering from rhabdomyolysis due to trauma at surgical ICU in Hai Phong Friendship Viet-Tiep Hospital. The target of this subject to find the risk factors causing acute renal failure at the patients with acute rhabdomyolysis due to trauma. The prospective study method, described cross section, shows the following results: Among 250 patients with acute rhabdomyolysis due to trauma, there were 102 patients suffering from acute renal failure accounted for 40.8 percent and 148 patients without acute renal failaure accounted for 59.2 percent. Risk factors of acute renal failure in these patients are: + Clinical: oliguria, anuria, red-brown urine, CVP (central vein pressure) 5 cmH2O, hypotension, respiratory failure with ventilation, treated after 12 hours. + Tests: potassium 5 mmol/l, blood pH 7.3, CK 6000 U/l.