The results using 31 Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for analyzing genetic diversity of Vietnam native quality rice varieties have obtained a total number of 1519 DNA bands belong to 120 difference alleles (with a mean of 3.87 alleles per loci). PIC value changed from 0 to 0.74 with a mean of 0.52. There are 9 rare alleles in 6 locus (7.5 percent). The rate of homozygosity of quality rice varieties are very different in 31 SSR loci, the heterozygosity changed from 0 to 14.29 percent (with a mean of 2.32 percent). Genetic similarity coefficients of 50 varieties werp ranging from 0.11 to 0.87. Based on the genetic relationship diagram, 50 varieties of quality rice are divided in to 6 major groups: Group I consists of 23 varieties with genetic similarity coefficients were ranging from 0.45 to 0.87
group II consists of 10 varieties with the genetic similarity coefficients were ranging from 0.45 to 0.74
group III consists of 2 varieties with genetic similarity coefficients of 0.49
group IV have only one variety
group V consists of 2 varieties with genetic similarity coefficients of 0.41
group VI consists of 12 varieties with genetic similarity coefficients. were ranging from 0.43 to 0.81. These results are very useful for classification, identification of genetic resources, preservation and hybidization of quality rice varieties in Vietnam.